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Food Insecurity in Sri Lanka likely to Worsen amid Poor Agricultural Production, Price Spikes and Ongoing Economic Crisis, FAO and WFP Warn 2022-09-16 12/09/2022JOINT FAO/WFP NEWS RELEASE Colombo/Rome – An estimated 6.3 million people in Sri Lanka are facing moderate to severe acute food insecurity and their situation is expected to worsen if adequate life-saving assistance and livelihood support is not provided, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) warned today in a new report.Two consecutive seasons of poor harvests led to a nearly 50 percent drop in production coupled with reduced imports of food grains due to foreign exchange constraints, according to the joint FAO/WFP Crop and Food Security Assessment Mission (CFSAM) report.The report notes that immediate food assistance and livelihood programmes - including through existing social assistance mechanisms – are critical to enable households to access nutritious food - particularly moderately and severely acute food insecure ones. Without assistance, the food security situation is expected to deteriorate further, particularly during the October 2022 to February 2023 lean season, driven by poor harvests of staple foods, in particular paddy rice, and the ongoing economic crisis. “In order to avert a further deterioration of food security conditions and to support restoration of agricultural production, livelihood assistance targeting smallholder farmers should remain a priority,” said FAO Representative in Sri Lanka Vimlendra Sharan. “With around 30 percent of the population depending on agriculture, improving the production capacity of farmers will ultimately boost the resilience of the agricultural sector, reduce import requirements amid shortages of foreign currency reserves and avert the rise in hunger.”“Months into this crippling economic crisis, families are running out of options - they are exhausted. More than 60 percent of families are eating less, and eating cheaper, less nutritious food. This comes at a time when financial constraints have forced the government to scale back on nutrition programmes, such as school meals and fortified food to mothers and undernourished children. WFP’s top priority is to provide immediate food and nutrition assistance to the most at-risk communities to prevent a further deterioration of their nutrition,” said WFP Representative and Country Director in Sri Lanka, Abdur Rahim Siddiqui.At the request of the Government, the joint Crop and Food Security Assessment Mission visited all 25 districts in the country between June and July 2022 to analyze agricultural production levels in 2022, particularly of main staple cereals, as well as to assess household food security conditions. Significant decline in harvestsA severe macro-economic crisis in Sri Lanka has caused acute shortages and spikes in the prices of essential products, including food, agricultural inputs, fuel and medicine, severely compromising the economic activity, with major disruptions to agricultural production.Production of paddy rice, the main food staple, is forecast at 3 million mt in 2022, the lowest level since the 2017 drought-affected harvest, mostly due to low yields following reduced application of fertilizers, the report finds.Production of maize, mostly used as animal feed, is about 40 percent below the past five-year average, with negative effects on poultry and livestock production. Likewise, production of vegetables, fruits and export-oriented crops, such as tea, rubber, coconut and spices, is well below average, causing a significant decline in households’ income and export revenues.Prices of most food items have been on a steady rise since the last quarter of 2021 and reached a new record high in August 2022, with the year-on-year food inflation rate at nearly 94 percent.The total cereal import requirement in 2022 is estimated at 2.2 million mt. In the first six months of 2022, more than 930,000 mt of cereals were imported, leaving an outstanding import requirement of 1.27 million mt. Given the persisting macroeconomic challenges, there is a high risk that the remaining import requirement will not be met. Mission recommendationsThe key recommendations by the joint FAO/WFP Mission are the immediate provision of food or cash-based assistance to vulnerable and marginalized communities, including pregnant and breastfeeding women, women-headed households and persons with disabilities, to help them meet their immediate food and nutrition needs. The report also recommends the immediate provision of agricultural inputs, including fertilizers, focusing on smallholder farmers. The report outlines the need to support households establish home gardens and backyard gardening to enhance their nutritional status, while providing adequate amounts of fuel to ensure effective planting, harvesting, transportation and processing of food crops.The report suggests providing high-nutrient animal feed, vaccines and veterinary health kits at subsidized price to livestock owners, especially dairy and poultry to mitigate the impacts of the feed shortages. Support for the resumption and continuation of national nutrition programmes such as school meals, which faced disruptions due to funding constraints, were also highlighted as a priority. FAO’s work in Sri Lanka during this crisisTogether with its partners, FAO in Sri Lanka is addressing urgent food security needs, protecting the livelihoods of vulnerable farmers and fishers in the most affected districts while promoting urban agriculture. To strengthen production capacity of the small holder farmers, FAO is providing fertilizer packs for over 15000 smallholder farmers in five of the poorest districts in the country. Plan for assisting another 116,800 small holder farmers with fertilizer supply is being finalized. Nearly 7000 most vulnerable small-scale marine artisanal fishers have been provided with unconditional cash transfer to meet their immediate food needs. To strengthen livelihoods 8,700 smallholder green gram farmers are being trained on improving yield and will receive a one-time cash transfer to ensure they meet their essential needs without resorting to negative coping strategies. FAO is also encouraging urban agriculture to strengthen food security for the urban poor in Colombo through the provision of agriculture kits, nutrition packs and comprehensive training on establishing home gardens and community garden initiatives for up to 600 urban poor households. Donor funding to scale up these and other similar activities is being sought. WFP’s work in Sri LankaWFP kicked off its emergency response operation in June with the distribution of vouchers valued at around $40, to pregnant women in the underserved sections of the capital city, Colombo - roughly half the cost of a nutritious diet for a family of four for a month. WFP aims to reach 3.4 million people by end of year, including 1.4 million people through cash, vouchers, or food. This targeted assistance will focus on the most vulnerable and marginalized communities, including pregnant and breastfeeding women, people with disabilities and chronic illnesses, women-headed households, and low-income households with more than four members registered in the national social protection scheme, Samurdhi. WFP will also support one million schoolchildren enrolled in the national school feeding programme, which has faced disruptions due to Government funding constraints. WFP will assist in the continuation of the Thriposha programme which provides fortified food to pregnant and breastfeeding mothers and undernourished children under five.More on this topic Joint FAO/WFP Crop and Food Security Assessment Mission (CFSAM) report URL: https://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/food-insecurity-in-sri-lanka-likely-to-worsen-amid-poor-agricultural-production-price-spikes-and-ongoing-economic-crisis-fao-and-wfp-warn/en 
2022 UNESCO International Literacy Prizes Reward 6 Initiatives Promoting Inclusion 2022-09-16 Wazzkii/Shutterstock.comAugust 31, 2022 - Last update: September 1, 2022 On the occasion of International Literacy Day (8 September), UNESCO has selected six outstanding literacy programmes from Brazil, India, Malaysia, South Africa, United Arab Emirates and United Kingdom as laureates of its International Literacy Prizes, based on the recommendations of an international jury. "Literacy is an essential human right. International Literacy Day is an opportunity to assess and accelerate progress in this field. I congratulate the six winners of our prizes: they are examples of successful actions, sources of inspiration that UNESCO will promote on a large scale."Audrey AzoulayUNESCO Director-General The awards will be presented during an international conference in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire), on 8 and 9 September 2022, under the theme “Transforming literacy learning spaces”. A special session focusing on efforts that transform literacy learning spaces will be held with the laureates on 9 September from 2.40pm to 3.35pm CET. UNESCO King Sejong Literacy PrizeThe UNESCO King Sejong Literacy Prize, sponsored by the Government of the Republic of Korea, recognizes contributions to mother language-based literacy development. It will be awarded to: ‘Native Scientist’ programme of Native Scientist, United Kingdom. ‘Native Scientist’ is a non-profit organisation working to foster scientific literacy and language development among marginalized children and adolescents by creating meaningful connections between students and scientists across Europe. The programme connects migrant children with international professionals experienced on Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Medicine (STEMM), who share a common cultural heritage and the same native language as the learners. ‘Mother Tongue Based Multilingual Education’ programme of Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences, India. The programme aims to tackle the challenges of poor retention of indigenous students in elementary schools due to classroom language barriers and teachers' incapacity to deal with multilingual and multicultural classrooms effectively. The programme is in a hybrid format with face-to-face and distance learning modules using low-tech solutions such as television, radio, and text messaging. ‘Madrasa Arabic lessons’ programme of Madrasa, United Arab Emirates. Madrasa is a leading e-learning platform launched in 2018 to respond to the need to develop and enrich Arabic educational content and make it accessible to students. The ‘Madrasa Arabic lessons’ programme aims to provide basic literacy skills in the Arabic language by collaborating with a committee of experts and transforming traditional learning methods into an interactive and engaging format.Each of the three UNESCO King Sejong laureates will receive a medal, a diploma and an endowment of US$ 20.000. UNESCO Confucius Prize for LiteracyThe UNESCO Confucius Prize for Literacy, sponsored by the Government of the People’s Republic of China, recognizes contributions to functional literacy leveraging technological environments in support of adults in rural areas and out-of-school youth. It will be awarded to: ‘Accessible Literature’ (Literatura Acessível) programme of Institute Include, Brazil. Institute Include aims to promote inclusion and social participation of people with disabilities through education, sport, and culture. The programme is an initiative that produces, reproduces and launches books in multiple formats, which includes simple reading in braille, Libras (Brazilian sign language), audio description, and pictograms. The programme has enrolled 2,022 learners, 55% of whom are girls and women. ‘People Accessible Network for Digital Empowerment and Inclusivity (PANDei)’ programme of Sarawak State Library, Malaysia. With local government support, the programme aims to help build a comprehensive support network, empowering local communities’ digital competencies and skills for building a digital-ready community. From 2018 to 2022, 81,057 learners benefitted from the programme, which also helped train 54 facilitators and teachers through two Train of Trainer (ToT) activities. 'School Readiness through Community Participation' programme of The Molteno Institute for Language and Literacy, South Africa. The programme aims to equip children, schools and communities to prepare Grade R (Reception Year) learners for formal schooling. Furthermore, the programme enables school readiness by involving local communities and parents through local languages in the context of underserved school communities of rural South Africa. Each of the three UNESCO Confucius laureates will receive a medal, a diploma and an endowment of US$ 30.000. More on UNESCO International Literacy Prizes URL: https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/2022-unesco-international-literacy-prizes-reward-6-initiatives-promoting-inclusion 
乌克兰战争六个月：古特雷斯强调必须实现和平，战争“毫无意义” 2022-09-02 图片：© UNICEF/Olena Hrom在乌克兰基辅地区的霍伦卡，一名小女孩站在她受损的学校的废墟中。 2022 年 8 月 24 日和平与安全联合国秘书长古特雷斯今天对安理会表示，乌克兰这场“毫无意义的战争”现在已经持续了六个月，而且看不到尽头，他重申了对和平的持续呼吁。 这一“悲惨的里程碑”恰逢乌克兰独立31周年，古特雷斯向该国人民表示祝贺。 他说：“乌克兰及其他地区的人民需要和平，他们现在就需要和平。必须遵循《联合国宪章》和国际法来实现和平。” 乌克兰总统泽连斯基通过视频参加了会议，但有时信号不佳。他说，乌克兰的独立对于世界休戚相关。 黑海谷物倡议进展 自俄罗斯 2 月 24 日入侵以来，已有数千名乌克兰平民丧生或受伤，人道主义需求猛增，有关侵犯和践踏人权行为的报道层出不穷。作为战争的连锁反应，全球数以百万计的人继续面临全球性的粮食、化肥和燃料危机。 秘书长介绍了他上周访问乌克兰的最新情况。他那次访问是为了跟进确保乌克兰粮食重回全球市场的具有里程碑意义的黑海谷物倡议。 他说：“我可以向安理会报告，7 月份在伊斯坦布尔签署的黑海谷物倡议进展顺利——数十艘船得以进出乌克兰港口，迄今已装载超过 72 万吨谷物和其他粮食产品。” 古特雷斯表示，尽管前面还有更多的工作，但由乌克兰、俄罗斯、土耳其和联合国签署这份协议是一个有力的证明，说明 “当我们把人放在首位时，即使在最具破坏性的情况下也能取得什么样的成就。” “这项倡议的另一部分是让俄罗斯的粮食和化肥不受制裁而进入全球市场。所有政府和私营部门合作将这些商品推向市场至关重要。” 核威胁 古特雷斯还强调了他对扎波罗热核电站及其周边局势的持续关注，该核电站最近几周遭到猛烈的炮击。 他重申：“警灯正在闪烁。任何可能危及该核电站物理完整性、安全或安保的行为都是不可接受的。局势的任何进一步升级都可能导致自我毁灭”。 古特雷斯对各方支持国际原子能机构向这一欧洲最大核电站派遣人员表示欢迎。 与此同时，联合国正在努力向乌克兰东部顿涅茨克州的奥列尼夫卡部署最近成立的实况调查团。7 月下旬，50 多名乌克兰战俘在拘留所的一次轰炸事件中丧生。 关注战俘 联合国人权机构继续记录到与武装冲突有关的侵犯和虐待行为。 其中包括任意拘留、强迫失踪、任意逮捕，以及在 2 月和 3 月期间在俄罗斯控制的基辅、切尔尼戈夫和苏梅等地的部分地区故意杀害数百名平民。 在详细说明战争对乌克兰造成的损失时，联合国政治事务负责人迪卡洛对双方战俘的状况表示担忧。 她说：“我们对有关俄罗斯联邦和顿涅茨克的附属武装团体计划在马里乌波尔的一个所谓的‘国际法庭’审判乌克兰战俘的报道感到担忧。” “任何法庭都必须尊重国际法给予所有战俘的保护，包括公平审判保障。 不遵守这些标准可能构成战争罪。” 全球分歧加深 迪卡洛表示，战争除了乌克兰造成悲惨的人员和物质损失外，还在世界其他地区产生了另一种影响。 她说：“这场战争正在加深全球分歧，加剧对我们机构的不信任，削弱我们国际体系的基础。” “世界管理和平与安全问题的方式崩溃的后果令人恐惧。这场战争不仅毫无意义，而且极其危险，它涉及到我们所有人，它必须结束”。 各方表态乌克兰总统泽连斯基表示：“为了不再有辐射灾难的威胁，俄罗斯必须离开被占领的乌克兰领土。为了不再发生粮食危机，俄罗斯必须离开我们的土地和海洋。世界上任何国家都不能再无视《联合国宪章》和对全人类具有约束力的公约，任何人都不能例外。俄罗斯必须为侵略乌克兰的罪行负责。我们的独立就是你们的安全。整个自由世界的安全。”俄罗斯常驻联合国代表涅边贾表示：“没有人质疑，今天的乌克兰人并不容易。然而，责任在于基辅政权。在几个西方国家的协助下，该政权于2014年通过反宪法政变上台。从一开始，新的迈丹当局府就一直把国家引向灾难，拥护恐俄症和美化纳粹罪犯的做法。再次强调：如果明斯克协议得到执行，就没有必要采取特别行动。但基辅政权决定不这样做。”美国常驻联合国代表琳达·托马斯-格林菲尔德表示：“让我们明确一点：国际社会永远不会承认俄罗斯试图用武力改变乌克兰的边界。无论莫斯科试图再举行多少次虚假的全民投票，建立多少个非法当局，我们都将继续捍卫《联合国宪章》，维护乌克兰的主权、领土完整和独立。”中国常驻联合国代表张军表示：“事实证明，冷战思维、集团对抗坚决要不得。脱钩断链、选边站队坚决要不得。双重标准、选择适用坚决要不得。乌克兰危机是对我们这一代人维护和平能力的重大考验。站在历史的十字路口，是要和平还是要动荡，要合作还是要对抗，要进步还是要倒退，我们必须作出无愧于历史、无愧于人民的选择。” 更多信息请关注：聚焦乌克兰危机特别报道 | 焦点话题 直接通过您的邮箱接收每日更新，点击此处订阅相关主题。下载适用于您的iOS或Android设备的联合国新闻应用程序。 URL: https://news.un.org/zh/story/2022/08/1108272 
Telegram上一半与大屠杀相关的内容否认或歪曲史实 2022-09-02 今天，联合国教科文组织和联合国携手世界犹太人大会，发布了第一份关于社交媒体平台内容歪曲和否认大屠杀的报告。它揭示了这类有害内容存在于几乎所有平台之上，但干预和教育可以显著减少这些现象。 © Arolsen Archives2022-07-13作为否认和歪曲大屠杀的应对计划的一部分，教科文组织和联合国与犹太人大会合作，力求客观地衡量这些现象在社交网络上的影响程度。他们委托牛津互联网研究所的研究人员在Facebook、Instagram、Telegram、TikTok和Twitter这5个主要平台上识别和分析了4000篇涉及大屠杀的帖子。报告表明，Telegram上存在大量否认和歪曲大屠杀的内容，该平台以鲜有干预和缺乏明确的用户指南而闻名。其上近半（49%）与大屠杀相关的开放内容否认或歪曲事实。在德语内容中，这一比率升至80%以上，英语和法语内容的比率为50%左右。这些内容通常呈现出旗帜鲜明的反犹太主义，而对于在平台上寻找大屠杀相关信息的人来说极易访问。在采取干预措施的平台上，否认和扭曲的内容也不鲜见，但程度较轻：占到Twitter上19%的大屠杀相关内容，TikTok上的17%，Facebook上的8%和Instagram上的3%。但是，对大屠杀真相的歪曲逐渐显现新的形式：别有用心者学会规避内容管制，使用幽默和滑稽的话术作为策略，目的是使反犹太主义思想正常化，为其披上主流思想的外衣。 对抗这些现象的解决方案教科文组织和联合国的联合报告提出了一系列切实可行的建议，包括： 在线平台应与专家、民间社会组织和国际组织合作，监测否认或歪曲大屠杀的内容，并在必要时采取行动。 平台应导流和展示经过验证的关于大屠杀历史的信息，Facebook和TikTok与教科文组织和世界犹太人大会合作的aboutholocaust.org网站就是这方面的例子。 平台应积极与教师和教育系统合作，开发教学资源，通过学校和非正规教育支持数字公民教育。教科文组织近年为此制作了相关技术指南，包括“如何通过教育应对反犹太主义”和“关于大屠杀和种族灭绝的教育”等主题的手册。 正如教科文组织2021年11月发布的《教育的未来》报告所建议，各国政府应投资于提升民众媒介与信息素养以及批判性思维，以增强学习者理解和评价（错误）信息的能力。 打击网络空间歪曲和否认大屠杀的斗争应系统、全面地纳入反对反犹太主义和仇恨言论的国家行动计划。 2023年初平台监管全球会议报告显示在一些社交网络平台上，仍有否认和歪曲大屠杀的谣言在不受管制地大肆传播，这些内容被用来煽动仇恨。我们可以通过对内容进行干预和对用户开展教育来对抗这些现象。教科文组织与Facebook和TikTok合作将用户导向到经过验证的信息，这是一个优秀范例。但我们不能仅仅依靠平台的自愿参与：我们还需要共同的原则和指导方针。教科文组织将与所有利益攸关方一起领导这场讨论，并在2023年召开首届关于平台责任的全球会议。Audrey Azoulay阿祖莱，联合国教科文组织总干事 这项工作是联合国使命的核心部分，它超越了大屠杀本身。该报告显示，否认大屠杀与其它形式的在线暴力关联密切，包括那些根植于种族主义、厌女症或仇外心理的暴力行为。反犹太主义、否认和歪曲大屠杀，以及其它形式的宗教偏见和仇恨如同指针。它们对世界的扰乱越猛烈，我们共同人性基础的裂缝就越大。如今这些裂缝已不容忽视。这份报告敲响了警钟，我们必须采取行动——追求真相、坚持纪念和开展教育，共同建设一个人人享有和平、尊严和正义的世界。Antonio Guterres古特雷斯，联合国秘书长 否认和歪曲大屠杀在网上有多种形式。本报告概述了这一令人不安的现象，并明确指出它不能继续被忽视。显而易见的是，当平台齐心协力解决这种独特形式的仇恨言论时，就能起到效果。但要根除则必须采取更多行动。随着否认大屠杀的人变得越来越老练，所有努力与这一邪恶作斗争的人也必须如此。世界犹太人大会期待继续支持联合国和教科文组织在大屠杀教育和打击反犹太主义方面的国际努力。Ronald S. Lauder劳德，世界犹太人大会主席 阅读报告全文教科文组织和世界犹太人大会及Facebook、TikTok合作，将搜索大屠杀相关词语的用户重定向到网站：www.aboutholocaust.org。该网站由世界犹太人大会和联合国教科文组织共同主办，以19种语言列出了有关大屠杀和种族灭绝的历史根源、过程和后果的事实。教科文组织是负责大屠杀和种族灭绝教育的联合国机构。它参与应对否认和歪曲大屠杀以及所有形式的反犹太主义。教科文组织研究和记录大屠杀历史，支持各国制定相关教育计划，培训教育工作者并为世界各地的学生制作教育工具。教科文组织在全球设立了5个教席专门致力于这一领域。 URL: https://www.unesco.org/zh/articles/telegramshangyibanyudatushaxiangguandeneirongfourenhuowaiqushishi 
世界银行：世界粮食安全状况仍令人担忧 2022-09-02 2022 年 8 月 15 日人道主义援助世界银行今天发布的最新粮食安全状况更新显示，全球国内食品价格通胀仍居高不下。2022年4月至7月的信息显示，几乎所有中低收入国家都出现了高通胀；92.9%的低收入国家、92.7%的中低收入国家和89%的中高收入国家的通胀水平都在5%以上，其中许多国家的通胀率达到了两位数。高通胀的高收入国家比例也大幅增加，约83.3%经历了高食品价格通胀。 世界银行表示，创纪录的高粮价引发了一场全球危机，将使数百万人陷入极端贫困，加剧饥饿和营养不良，同时威胁到来之不易的发展成果。乌克兰战争、供应链中断和新冠疫情的持续经济后果正在使多年取得的发展成果发生逆转，并将食品价格推升至历史最高水平。食品价格上涨对低收入和中等收入国家的人民影响更大，因为与高收入国家的人民相比，他们在食品上花费的收入份额更大。 粮食价格居高不下 粮食安全状况更新显示，截至2022年8月11日，农产品价格指数比两周前高出1%。与2022年1月相比，玉米和小麦价格均上涨2%，而大米价格上涨约6%。与2021年1月的平均价格相比，玉米和小麦价格指数高出20%，但大米价格指数则低16%。 根据世界银行2022年4月的《大宗商品市场展望》，乌克兰战争改变了全球大宗商品的贸易、生产和消费模式，将使价格在2024年底前保持在历史高位，从而加剧了粮食不安全和通胀状况。 世界粮食计划署/Hebatallah Munassar一名婴儿在世界粮食计划署位于也门莫哈的分发点吃补充食物。 贸易限制 乌克兰战争爆发后，各国实施的贸易相关政策激增。一些国家为了增加国内供应和降低价格，实施了越来越多的粮食贸易限制，这在一定程度上加剧了全球粮食危机。截至8月11日，至少有23个国家实施了33项食品出口禁令，至少有7个国家实施了11项出口限制措施。 世界粮食计划署的数据显示，到2022年6月，82个国家中处于严重粮食不安全状况的人口数量增加到3 . 45亿，这些人在短期内获得粮食的机会受到限制，以至于他们的生命和生计受到威胁。此外，粮食计划署和粮农组织警告说，2022年6月至9月期间，20个国家或地区的严重粮食不安全状况可能会恶化。 世界银行在85个国家进行的快速电话调查显示，在新冠疫情的头两年，相当多的人吃饭成了问题或减少了他们的食物摄取量。热量摄入减少和营养不足威胁到在减贫和健康方面取得的成果，并可能对幼儿的认知发展产生持久影响。 世界银行的支持 面对多重危机，世界银行正在部署短期和长期应对措施，以提高粮食和营养安全、降低风险并强化粮食系统。 今年5月，世界银行集团和七国集团轮值主席国共同召集成立了全球粮食安全联盟，该联盟旨在促进对正在发展的全球饥饿危机做出立即和协调一致的反应。 作为对当前粮食安全危机的全球应对措施的一部分，世界银行集团正在为农业、营养、社会保障、水和灌溉等领域的现有和新项目提供高达300亿美元的资金。这种资助将包括努力鼓励粮食和化肥生产，加强粮食系统，促进开展更多贸易，并支持弱势家庭和生产者。 世界粮食计划署粮食计划署发起了一项城市食品应对行动，目标是缅甸最大的两个城市仰光和曼德勒的200万人。 有的放矢 世界银行开展的项目包括：向乍得、加纳和塞拉利昂提供3 . 15亿美元的贷款，用于支持加强应对粮食不安全的准备，并提高粮食系统的抗御能力。 向埃及提供5亿美元，资助紧急粮食安全和复原力支持项目，努力确保贫困和弱势家庭不间断地获得面包，帮助加强该国对粮食危机的复原力，并支持有助于改善营养状况的改革。 向突尼斯提供1.3亿美元贷款，为重要的软质小麦进口提供融资，并为支付用于乳制品生产的大麦进口和小农在即将到来的种植季节使用的种子提供紧急支持，从而减轻乌克兰战争带来的影响。 提供23亿美元，用于东部和南部非洲粮食系统复原方案，帮助这一地区的国家提高粮食系统的复原力和解决日益严重的粮食不安全问题的能力。 直接通过您的邮箱接收每日更新，点击此处订阅相关主题。下载适用于您的iOS或Android设备的联合国新闻应用程序。 URL: https://news.un.org/zh/story/2022/08/1107792 
普及社会保障，消除童工现象 2022-07-21 2022 年 6 月 11 日人权6月12日是世界无童工日。国际劳工组织及其合作伙伴呼吁各国政府增加对社会保障体系和计划的投资，希望建立坚实的社会保障最低标准，保护儿童免于被迫从事童工劳动。在世界各地，许多儿童日常从事着有偿或无偿的工作，这些工作并不会对他们造成伤害。但是，童工问题是指儿童在务工时年龄过小，或从事的活动十分危险，可能会威胁到他们的身心健康，影响其社会发展和接受教育。在最不发达国家，超过四分之一的儿童从事的劳动有害身体健康，不利于个人发展。 童工现象普遍存在目前，全球约1.6亿儿童沦为童工。非洲在童工发生率和童工数量方面位居世界第一，有五分之一的儿童为童工，绝对数量达到7200万人。亚洲及太平洋地区位列第二，童工发生率为7%，绝对数量达到6200万人。虽然低收入国家的童工发生率最高，但实际上，中等收入国家的童工数量更多。中等偏下收入国家中，9%的儿童沦为童工；在中等偏上收入国家，这一比例为7%。关于各国收入群体中童工绝对数量的数据显示，8400万童工生活在中等收入国家，占总数的56%。另外，还有200万童工生活在高收入国家。国际劳工组织呼吁解决家庭贫困等根本原因，让世界各地的每个儿童都免受童工之害。 视频：https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/index.php/extwidget/preview/partner_id/2503451/uiconf_id/43914941/entry_id/1_j1fobhhk/embed/dynamic 社会保障至关重要虽然过去20年来在减少童工方面取得了重大进展，但是随着时间的推移，这一进程有所放缓，在2016-2020年间甚至停滞不前。2022年世界无童工日的主题是“普及社会保障，消除童工现象”。对于摆脱贫困与脆弱性以及根除和预防童工现象，政府的社会保障体系至关重要。劳工组织表示，社会保障既是一项人权，也是有力的政策工具，防止家庭在危机时期使用童工。然而，截至2020年新冠疫情暴发之前，全球仅有46.9%的人口享有至少一项有效的社会保障福利，而其余的53.1%，即多达41亿人却完全得不到任何保障。儿童的社会保障覆盖率甚至更低。全球有近四分之三的儿童，即15亿人缺乏社会保障。与此同时，在全球层面，国家在儿童社会保障方面的支出仅占国内生产总值的1.1%。在儿童占人口比例最大、童工发生率最高、社会保障需求最大的非洲地区，对儿童的社会保障支出仅占国内生产总值的0.4%。据估计，如果没有实施缓解战略，由于贫困加剧和脆弱性增加，到2022年底可能会增加890万名童工。国际劳工组织总干事盖伊·赖德在世界无童工日致辞中警告说，各国政府现在做出的选择将决定成百上千万儿童的生活。他强调，社会保护是防止童工的最有力措施之一，必须在困难时期为家庭提供收入保障。要在消除童工现象方面取得重大进展，就必须采取全面、综合的解决方案，增加对普遍社会保障体系的投资。 URL: https://news.un.org/zh/story/2022/06/1104442 
粮食展望报告：粮价高企，最弱势群体支出增加，所获减少 2022-07-21 2022 年 6 月 9 日经济发展联合国粮食及农业组织今天发布的最新一期《粮食展望》报告指出，今年全球粮食进口费用有望创下1.8万亿美元的新纪录，但主要推动因素是价格和运输成本上涨，而不是贸易量增加。 粮农组织经济学家乌帕利·阿拉契拉吉（Upali Galketi Aratchilage）表示：“鉴于投入品价格飙升、天气条件不佳以及乌克兰战争导致的市场不确定性增强，粮食市场可能持续承压，粮食进口支出或将创下新高。” 今年全球粮食进口支出预计将比2021年增加510亿美元，其中490亿美元是由于价格上涨所致。最不发达国家今年的粮食进口支出预计将减少5%，而撒哈拉南部非洲国家和粮食净进口发展中国家尽管进口量有所减少，但预计总支出仍将增加。 报告指出，许多脆弱国家进口支出增加，但获得的粮食却在减少。从粮食安全的角度来看，这些迹象令人担忧。 粮农组织提议设立粮食进口融资基金，向粮食进口依存度最高的低收入国家提供国际收支支持，以此保障其粮食安全。 对发达国家来说，动物油脂和植物油是2022年进口支出预计增长的最主要推动因素，谷物的影响也不容小觑。发展中国家总体上正在削减谷物、油料和肉类进口，显示已无力应对价格上涨。 粮价高企农民并未受益 粮农组织食品价格指数接近历史新高。过去一年中，几种主粮的价格大幅上涨。与此同时，农业部门面临着由于肥料和燃料等投入品成本上涨而造成的供应限制，这可能会刺激粮价进一步上涨。 全球投入品价格指数是粮农组织于2021推出的一款新工具，该指数目前处于历史最高水平，过去12个月的增速甚至超过了粮农组织食品价格指数的涨幅。 这表明，尽管消费者面临价格上涨的局面，但对农民来说实际价格却很低，并且还在下降，这将抑制农民的增产积极性。要让农民加紧生产，必须看到全球投入品价格下降，或食品价格进一步上升，或两者兼而有之。 报告称，目前的情况“不容乐观，市场化的供给应对措施恐怕无法在2022/23年甚至下一年度有效遏制粮价的进一步上涨。” 粮食产量预测 谷物 预计2022年世界主要谷物产量将出现四年来的首次下降，而全球消费量也将出现20年来的首次下降，但原因在于饲用小麦、粗粮和大米消费量减少，而谷物食用消费量预计不会受到影响。 今年，世界小麦库存将小幅增长，主要原因是预计中国、俄罗斯和乌克兰将增加库存。 世界玉米产量和消费量预计将创下新纪录，这与巴西和美国乙醇产量增加以及中国的工业淀粉产量有关。 植物油 尽管需求可能减少，但预计全球植物油消费量仍将超过产量。 肉类 阿根廷、欧盟和美国的肉类产量预计有所下降，但全球产量预计将增长1.4%，原因包括中国的猪肉产量预计将增长8%，达到甚至超过2018年非洲猪瘟疫情暴发前的水平。 牛奶受奶牛畜群减少和几个主产区利润率下降的影响，预计世界牛奶产量增速将低于往年，而贸易量或将从2021的高位回落。 食糖 在印度、泰国和欧盟增产的带动下，世界糖产量在连续三年下降后将有望增加。 水产养殖 全球水产养殖产量预计将增长2.9%，而捕捞渔业产量或将增长0.2%。由于鱼类价格不断上涨，预计渔业和水产养殖产品出口收入总计将增长2.8%，而出口量将下降1.9%。 URL: https://news.un.org/zh/story/2022/06/1104322 
专访联合国乌克兰危机协调员：“无论你怎么看，战争都是邪恶的” 2022-07-21 2022 年 6 月 3 日和平与安全在俄罗斯对乌克兰发起攻击后，阿明·阿瓦德于 今年2 月被秘书长古特雷斯任命为联合国乌克兰危机协调员。在俄罗斯2 月 24 日入侵乌克兰 100 天之际，联合国新闻独家深入地采访了阿瓦德。采访中，他解释了联合国正在采取哪些措施来结束冲突，并为数百万被困于交火中的乌克兰平民提供支持和保护，尤其是考虑到仅仅几个月后，乌克兰就将进入严寒的冬季。联合国新闻：俄罗斯在乌克兰的战争达到了100天这一悲惨的里程碑。这场战争会很快结束吗？阿明·阿瓦德：“人们对战争将会结束感到乐观，因为乌克兰和俄罗斯都负担不起。乌克兰正遭受生命损失，医院、学校、房屋、火车站和轨道以及交通部门遭到破坏。对俄罗斯的制裁也很严厉。这场战争对世界也是毁灭性的。乌克兰支持着全球约 15% 至 20% 的粮食需求。这些粮食现在陷于滞留状态，我们即将迎来另一个收获季节，但我们的粮食输送渠道和供应链受到了阻碍。我们还看到通货膨胀问题和国家拖欠债务：例如，斯里兰卡无法偿还贷款。 所以，世界的状况不太好。联合国新闻：平民为这次入侵付出了最高的代价。许多人丧生，数百万人在邻国寻求避难。那些仍在乌克兰国内的人情况如何？阿明·阿瓦德：有一种绝望的感觉。有近 800 万人在国内流离失所，另有 600 万人在国外流离失所。 大约 1500 万人没有离开家园，但他们受到失去生计的影响，无法获得教育、医疗和其他便利设施等服务。数以百万计的儿童没有上学。社会保障体系紧张。政府服务捉襟见肘。人道主义团体也是如此。情况非常糟糕。图片：UNOCHA/Ivane Bochorishvili在乌克兰西维尔顿涅茨克，援助人员准备分发联合国和人道主义合作伙伴提供的急需的援助。 联合国新闻：联合国和红十字国际委员会协助撤离了被困在乌克兰港口城市马里乌波尔亚速钢铁厂的绝望的平民。联合国目前是否有任何类似的行动，以疏散被困在敌对地区的人？阿明·阿瓦德：我们还没有收到像马里乌波尔那样的疏散请求，但我们一直在提出请求，要求进入人们需要食物、医疗用品和其他类型支持的地区。此外，我认为现在我们必须真正专注于应付冬天：现在已经是六月份了，冬天即将来临，在世界的这个地区，冬季气温低于零度。由于许多发电厂被破坏，又失去了替代能源供应，我们需要迅速制定一项战略，在这个冬天为数百万人提供支持。联合国新闻：您在乌克兰已经有一段时间了，您已经看到了这场战争丑陋的面貌。您能告诉我们一个深深触动你的同人有关的故事吗？阿明·阿瓦德：有很多痛苦。开车经过一些被破坏的地区，我看到孩子们逃离了被破坏的家园或公寓楼，他们发现自己独自在路上，没有父母陪伴，没有监护人在身边，也无处可去。我认为这是我们必须制止的战争的丑陋一面。联合国人道协调厅/Kateryna Klochko马里乌波尔的平民在联合国领导的疏散中逃离马里乌波尔的亚速钢铁厂。联合国新闻：关于扎波罗热核电站的安全问题，联合国是否与各方合作应对任何可能的威胁？阿明·阿瓦德：国际原子能机构人员曾多次来到这里。他们去了所有的核站厂。扎波罗热处于俄罗斯的控制下，我相信正在进行谈判以便让原子能机构进行访问。核电站不仅对乌克兰，而且对整个大陆都可能构成危险。因此，它们需要得到最大的关注，并且必须遵循安全程序和协议。 无论从战略、政治或经济角度来看，战争都是邪恶的。任何战争都没有好处。每一个人都是输家。联合国新闻：乌克兰各地发生了多起针对学校的袭击。您一直呼吁交战各方不要伤害平民和袭击民用基础设施，您还强调，根据国际人道主义法，这些义务是不容谈判的。有迹象表明俄罗斯在倾听这些呼吁吗？阿明·阿瓦德：我们继续呼吁俄罗斯不要袭击我们所说的民用基础设施，即水电供应设施、学校和医院。我们将继续发出这样的呼吁，因为这样的袭击导致的逃离人数庞大且令人无法接受。联合国新闻：最后，您还有什么想跟我们说吗？阿明·阿瓦德：我最后想说的是：必须真正停止这场战争。世界会获益良多。大约 69 个国家可能受到粮食短缺、通货膨胀、供应链崩溃、失业和许多其他因素的影响。世界已经面临许多挑战。其中之一是气候变化，它也影响着农业和其他生计来源。因此，无论从战略、政治或经济角度来看，战争都是邪恶的。任何战争都没有好处。每一个人都是输家。”联合国儿童基金会/Ashley Gilbertson VII乌克兰切尔尼戈夫一所学校的校长在查看空袭造成的损失。 URL: https://news.un.org/zh/story/2022/06/1104052 
逾140位教育部长在教科文组织总部绘制教育变革路线图 2022-06-26 Kehinde Olufemi Akinbo/Shutterstock.com UNESCO is to host the Transforming Education Pre-Summit on 28-30 June, a meeting of Ministers of Education, policy and business leaders and youth activists, who come together to build a roadmap to transform education globally. Key opportunity to reflect on educational inequalities This meeting is a precursor to the Transforming Education Summit (TES), to be held in September at the UN General Assembly in New York. This high-level summit was convened by the UN Secretary General to radically change our approach to education systems after COVID-19 – especially for the most marginalised learners who are facing severe learning losses. The meeting will focus on 5 key areas of transformation: Schools, Life-long quality learning, Teachers, Connectivity and Financing education. A Youth-led Global Engagement Day will precede the pre-Summit on 28 June bringing together youth from around the world to center young voices in the conversation and provide opportunities for their perspectives on Transforming education to be heard and acted on. All voices will be heard Participants in the Pre-Summit will include heads of State of Ethiopia and Sierra Leone; 140 Ministers and Vice-Ministers of Education; UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay; EU Commissioner for International Cooperation Jutta Urpilainen; Deputy Secretary-General Amina J. Mohammed; UNICEF Executive Director Catherine M. Russell; Summit Special Advisor Leonardo Garnier; Co-chair of the Advisory Committee David Sengeh; Youth activists; Champions of education, and UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador Salif Traore (A’salfo - Lead singer of Magic System). Mid-point in the Sustainable Development Goals Agenda This is the moment to reverse the historical slide resulting from pandemic, climate and conflict disruptions, and to seek transformational changes around schooling, learning, teaching, technology, and financing of education. This meeting comes at a critical time when government spending on education everywhere is not keeping up with the growing crisis in learning. An estimated 40 percent of low- and lower-middle income countries have reduced their spending on education with the onset of the pandemic in 2020, with an average decline in real spending of 13.5 percent. Further, in 2020, 43 bilateral donors decreased their aid to education, while households in the poorest countries are picking up 39% of the total cost of education compared to just 16% in high-income countries, according to a report released today by the World Bank, UNESCO’s Global Education Report and UNESCO’s Institute for Statistics. As the world slowly and painfully emerges from the devastating COVID-19 pandemic, which deeply affected education, and exactly midway through the 15-year period allocated to reach the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the time is right to take stock of where the world is with the Sustainable Education Goal—and to act. The pre-summit aims to prioritize quality education as a global public good, just like clean air and water, health and safety. Programme of the event Watch the event live For accreditation, please complete this online form. URL:https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/transforming-education-over-140-ministers-education-unesco-draw-roadmap 
UNESCO invests over US$730,000 to support the diversity of cultural expressions in the Global South 2022-05-25 Against the background of the ongoing pandemic, which disproportionally impacted the livelihoods of artists and cultural professionals globally, the Fifteenth Session of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions held this week approved over US$730,000 in funding for cultural projects. The funding, from the International Fund for Cultural Diversity (IFCD) will benefit 9 projects from Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Guinea, Indonesia, Nigeria, Palestine, Seychelles and Timor-Leste, from a total of 615 project proposals submitted. This brings total support from the IFCD to more than US$ 9.4 million, resulting in funding for 129 projects in 65 Member States since 2010. The Committee’s decision is in line with UNESCO’s policy to support the creative and cultural sector, which has suffered from the pandemic, as shown in the recent report, Re|Shaping Policies for Creativity. "This period of profound upheaval is presenting all of us with a choice. Either we try to merely patch up the holes, which will undoubtedly lead us to face the same challenges in the near future, or we seize the opportunity to transform the cultural ecosystem in an integrated manner to make it more resilient, more inclusive, and more sustainable."Ernesto Ottone R.Assistant Director-General of UNESCO for Culture COVID-19 highlighted challenges faced by artists and cultural workers in accessing decent work, especially in countries with limited or no social infrastructure. UNESCO assistance targets support to reach young people, women and the most vulnerable groups in developing countries in order to provide them with a more stable work environment. The projects benefiting from the IFCD funding are: Establishing a community-driven alliance for sustainable cultural development planning in Lautem, Timor-Leste, led by the NGO Many Hands International-MHI. Fostering cultural diversity through youth empowerment in Chile, led by Arte Joven (Corporación Cultural Balmaceda Doce Quince) Reinvigorating and re-establishing culture at the heart of Seychelles’ economic and social development, led by Seychelles National Institute for Culture, Heritage and the Arts. WE ARE DIVERSE: Empowering female audiovisual professionals from vulnerable groups in seven countries of Latin America, led by Ibero-American Federation of Motion Picture, Colombia Promoting and monitoring artistic freedom in Indonesia led by the Perhimpunan Koalisi Seni Indonesia – Association of Indonesian Art Coalition, Indonesia Improving market access for artists with disabilities led by Potter’s Gallery Initiative, Nigeria Promoting cultural and creative industries in the city of La Paz, Bolivia led by the Cultural Vision Foundation, Bolivia Ramallah City of Music – a strategy for sustainable city development through music led by Ramallah Municipality, Palestine Reinforcing entrepreneurship in Guinea’s audiovisual, fashion and design sectors led by La MUSE, Guinea To learn more about the 9 IFCD beneficiary projects for 2022 please click here. The IFCD empowers the civil society actors and public sectors behind these projects to drive robust and sustainable creative economic growth. Through reinforced fundraising efforts, UNESCO expects to double contributions to the Fund over the next three years so that more eligible projects can be supported. The IFCD is part of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005), which has 151 Parties. URL: https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-invests-over-us730000-support-diversity-cultural-expressions-global-south