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Global The health, Psychological and Educational Damage resulting from School Children’s Addiction to Electronic Games 2022 Mazara Naima, Ahmed Al-Sayed Abdel-Qawi Children’s, addiction to electronic games, and the researchers adopted the descriptive method, to achieve the objectives of the research, a questionnaire was prepared for health, psychological and educational damages, it was applied to a sample of 60 individuals (teachers and parents of children), and after statistical analysis, it showed The results found the following: - There are many health damages resulting from school children’s addiction to electronic games from the point of view of their teachers and parents, which are: short-sightedness and visual impairment by( 86%), health problems of the nervous system (75%),health problems in the spine(100%), malnutrition (58.3%) sleep disorders (83.3%), damage to the fingers of the hand (60%). - There are many psychological damages resulting from school children’s addiction to electronic games from the point of view of their teachers and parents, which are: introversion (78.33%), violence (70%), poor memory (53.33%), addiction (100%), feelings of depression (58.3%), emotional imbalance (76.67%). - There are many educational damages resulting from school children’s addiction to electronic games from the point of view of their teachers and parents, which are: School delay (100%), failure to attend homework (96.7%), preference for playing over review and study (50%), inability to pay attention to the lesson (80%), go to private lessons (73.33%). Arab States Global The Penal Protection Established for Child Labor 2022 Aitbenamer Ghania University of Mostaghanem Central  This study aims to clarify the important of the development of human resources in its various dimensions for companies specially the Algerian ones, by providing human resources with knowledge, skills and experience and improving their behavior, which help them to do their work and develop their performance, then provide an added value to the company where they work, This study focused on the reality of the application of the various dimensions of human resources development (training, learning, empowerment, career development) in the Eastern Company of Electricity and Gas Distribution – Unit of Tebessa. In order to answer the problem posed and to test the main hypothesis, the quantitative approach was adopted through a questionnaire that was distributed to a simple random sample of 234 employees of the company, representing 47.17% of the total population of the study. The collected data was analyzed using the Spss V25 program, The study concluded that the level of application of human resources development in its various dimensions in the Eastern Company of Electricity and Gas Distribution – Unit of Tebessa is good, although there is a discrepancy in the application of these dimensions, which ranged between high and medium. Arab States Global Use of Smartphone Applications to Teach Arabic to English Language Speakers Between the Tangible Reality and the Hoped-for Future 2022 University of Chlef  This research examines a scientific phenomenon that hat has spread in the past few years on teaching Arabic to native English speakers using smartphone applications. Smartphone usage proved to be a stimulating phenomenon that drew the researcher's attention to studying it in great detail. The researcher observed several smartphone applications in teaching Arabic to English speakers. However, this led to the writer's description, clarification, and categorization of these applications based on their features and characteristics, just as he was keen to explain and clarify some demerits of these applications. The main goal was to help students when selecting the rightful applications for them should they resort to learning Arabic through such applications. In his attempt to explain more about these applications, the researcher used a descriptive method where he also defined some of the terminologies used in this research, for example, smartphone and Arabic language applications for English speakers. He also spoke about the most vital characteristics of Arabic language learning through smartphone applications. He then mentioned a range of smartphone applications, such as the famous Duolingo app used to teach Arabic and other languages to English speakers, as well as the Arabic unlocked application. In summation, the researcher concluded his research paper by looking into the future characteristics of such applications and what an ideal application in teaching Arabic to English speakers should be. Arab States إتاحة وتعزيز حضور اللغة العربية في المشافي 2023 لوريا دلة، خلود إدريس، عيدان رينغميخال شوستر، لوريا دلة Public space in Israel constitutes a meeting point between Arab and Jewish citizens. This space includes health institutions, higher education institutions, cultural and artistic institutions, and others. The presence of the Arabic language in the public sphere is necessary in order to enable Arab citizens to achieve their basic right to obtain clear and reliable information in their mother tongue. The absence of the Arabic language from this sphere and its partial or incomplete presence carries an implicit message of exclusion and neglect of Arab citizens. Hospitals are an extremely important part of the public space, because they are entrusted with the protection of basic rights – the right to life and the right to health. In addition to their vital services, hospitals are among the main employment centers in Arab society, employing doctors, therapists and many other professional staff. Therefore, enhancing the presence of the Arabic language in health institutions may contribute significantly to disseminating and consolidating the values of common life and building a common society in Israel. The Ministry of Health gave this issue utmost importance in the Director-General’s Circular of 2011, specifying that “signage in health institutions must be compatible with the linguistic composition of the main population segments that receive services in these institutions.”Wherever possible, signs are available in three languages: Hebrew, Arabic and English.The “Sikkuy-Ofoq” association believes that within the framework of health care, the Ministry of Health and hospitals must also bear responsibility for creating an equal and shared space that includes Arab citizens and their language.This research aims to survey and evaluate the level of Arabic language presence in hospitals. The survey was conducted at the beginning of 2022 in 12 hospitals in various parts of the country, where a survey was conducted to determine the extent of the presence of the Arabic language in the different types of signage on the paths frequented by the largest number of visitors within the hospital space. Emergency signs, warning signs, directions and prohibitions signs, and signs to direct and facilitate movement. .The results and obstacles that we reached in the survey process are documented in the full paper, along with a series of recommendations that contribute to improving the situation, and they are directed to the Ministry of Health and hospitals. Arab States Inclusion of Women and Girls and Ensuring Their Rights: A Toolkit for Arab Cities 2023 UNESCO Office Cairo and Regional Bureau for Science in the Arab StatesEuropean Training and Research Centre for Human Rights and Democracy Even though women and girls represent close to or more than half of the population of most Arab cities, they are one of the groups that are historically and structurally excluded from decision-making and development planning in the cities. They face many barriers in accessing cities services, and inequality participating in cities activities. Developed on the basis of a virtual regional consultation workshop, as well as in-depth interviews with cities officials and representatives from the Coalition of Arab Cities against Racism, Discrimination, Xenophobia and Intolerance, this Toolkit provides tools and practical advice to enable Arab cities achieve a better inclusion of women and girls, and ensure their full right to benefit from local development programs. The toolkit mainly targets local authorities in Arab cities including Mayors, Members of Municipality Councils, Municipal executives, and Entities concerned with the design, implementation, follow-up, and evaluation of local projects and programs. “Since wars begin in the minds of men andwomen it is in the minds of men and womenthat the defences of peace must be constructed”Inclusion of women and girls in Arab cities: challenge or opportunity?This publication is the result of a joint effort involving the European Training and Research Centre for Human Rights and Democracy in Graz, UNESCO Coalition of Arab Cities against Racism, Discrimination, Xenophobia and Intolerance, and UNESCO Cairo Office. Global Eduaction in the Age of Articial Intelligence (The UNESCO Courier no. 4, October-December 2023) 2023 UNESCO At a time when the field of education is in worldwide ferment, a single instructional phenomenon has captured the attention not only of professionals but of laymen.” Does the innovation in question refer to artificial intelligence (AI), or to the use of augmented reality in the classroom? Neither one. This quote is from an article in The UNESCO Courier about “teaching machines”, a set of programmes developed in the USA to guide students in their learning. It dates back to… March 1965. Which just goes to show that pondering the role of computers in learning is nothing new. Whether lauded or decried, technologies are increasingly part of the school landscape, at least in industrialized countries. Digital learning games, online tutorials or massive open online courses (MOOCs) have become a reality for a growing number of pupils and students. The COVID-19 pandemic has only accelerated the phenomenon, spurring the rise, including in Africa, of companies specializing in digital educational services, the so-called “edtechs”. Yet no matter how sophisticated these technologies may be, they have not challenged the founding principle of a teacher giving a class simultaneously to a group of students. Artificial intelligence could be a game-changer. Does the arrival of content-generating tools like ChatGPT and intelligent tutorials mean the oft-heralded revolution has started? In any case, the use of generative AI in learning presents unprecedented challenges to education systems. As UNESCO’s Global Education Monitoring Report 2023 highlights, these new tools can prove invaluable in providing personalized support for students, particularly those with disabilities or living in remote areas. But they also raise questions about the digital divide, data confidentiality and the preponderance of major global corporations in this sector. And for the moment, safeguards are lacking. It is therefore urgent that regulations be adopted to ensure the use of AI in education remains human-centred, in the best interests of students. To support this, UNESCO published in September 2023 the first-ever Guidance for generative AI in education and research, designed to address the disruptions caused by these technologies. It complements other tools produced by the Organization, including the Recommendation on the ethics of artificial intelligence and a guidance for policy-makers on AI and education, both published in 2021. Arab States How Effective Is the Role of the United Nations Human Rights Council in Protecting and Promoting Human Rights (The Arabic Journal of Human and Social Science; Vol.13, No.5) 2021 Saffo Nardjesse University of Djelfa The issue of human rights remained the first in the list of human concerns and hopes, and one of the priorities that emerged on the shoulders of the United Nations within its established and difficult-to-reach programs and goals. There is no doubt that the most important causes of its emergence are attributable to those flagrant violations of human rights, especially those linked to war crimes and others against humanity, which prompted the major countries specifically to consider establishing a body concerned with the first of all the maintenance of international peace and security and the protection and promotion of human rights. , Through the Commission on Human Rights as one of the sub-committees established by the Economic and Social Council, which is tasked with preserving the sanctity of these rights. However, it soon proved ineffective due to the control of states violating human rights on the one hand and the politicization of their role on the other hand. Over the years, the committee dealt with human rights issues in ways that some commentators described as unsatisfactory and more sterile. As a result, the new body was established under the name of the "Human Rights Council" by General Assembly Resolution 60/251, and was considered the largest international body entrusted with the responsibility of promoting global respect. Human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without discrimination of any kind and in a just and equitable manner. Did the new mechanism, with its newly created composition, adequately address the weaknesses of the Commission on Human Rights? In other words, has the Human Rights Council added from its inception to today a greater value and contribution to the ؟protection and promotion of human rights? Arab States Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Arab States Region 2023 UNESCO Cairo "Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Arab State RegionUnderwater   Cultural   Heritage   (UCH)   is   defined   by   UNESCO  as  “all  traces  of  human  existence  having  a  cultural,  historical  or  archaeological  character  which  have  been  partially  or  totally  under  water,  periodically  or continuously, for at least 100 years such as: i.  sites,  structures,  buildings,  artefacts  and  human  remains,   together   with   their   archaeological   and   natural context; ii. vessels, aircraft, other vehicles or any part thereof, their  cargo  or  other  contents,  together  with  their  archaeological and natural context; and iii. objects of prehistoric character”1.This   definition   relates   primarily   to   the   age   and   environmental    conditions    of    the    deposit,    i.e.,    the   remains   must   have   existed   fully   or   partially   “underwater” for at least 100 years, regardless of their type,  nature,  or  the  culture  to  which  they  belong.  Once  these  core  elements  have  been  confirmed,  the     archaeological     material     can     be     defined     further  according  to  one  or  more  specific  criteria:  -  chronology – the time period the remains date from; -  region  –  the  geographical  area  where  the  remains  were found; - typology – the physical categorisation of the remains, e.g., pottery, animal bone, stone etc.It is important to recognise that while the above criteria will  remain  constant,  the  “underwater”  nature  of  the  archaeological remains is subject to change, as a result of  either  human  or  environmental  intervention.  For  example,  many  sites  where  prehistoric  activity  took  place  on  land,  usually  close  to  ancient  shorelines,  are  • 1 - UNESCO. 2001. Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural  Heritage.  Paris:  Records  of  the  General  Conference,  31st  ses-sion, Article.Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Arab State Regionnow submerged due to rising sea levels. Similarly, items such as swords, deposited in  lakes  or  rivers  as  part  of  past  rituals,  were  made  and  used  on  land.  These  sites  and artefacts have therefore come to meet the definition of “Underwater Cultural Heritage”. The opposite process is also possible: a shipwreck, for example, or other material  remains  lifted  from  the  seabed  and  placed  in  a  museum  would  lose  its  status as UCH.  This nuance tells us that UCH is not necessarily a constant scientific term. It relates to the underwater environment in which the material culture is located rather than any inherent archaeological or cultural attribute2. That is not to say that the material culture’s  underwater  location  is  not  important:  on  the  contrary,  the  underwater  context  reveals  changes  in  use,  condition  and  meaning  over  time.  The  physical  changes  that  the  underwater  environment  can  cause,  such  as  corrosion  or decay, and the natural, social and ideological changes that underwater locations can reflect, therefore, are vital parts of a site or object’s life history. The  underwater  location  is  also  a  key  factor  in  determining  which  scientific  techniques  and  methods  to  use  when  dealing  with  this  type  of  material  culture  for  purposes  of  exploration,  research,  documentation,  excavation,  conservation,  presentation  or  public  display.  Thus,  the  study  of  UCH  usually  requires  the  use  of  tools and techniques that differ from those employed on terrestrial archaeological sites3. For this reason, UCH is frequently mentioned in association with underwater archaeology,  i.e.,  archaeological  work,  such  as  excavation,  recording  and  analysis,  that  takes  place  on  partially  or  fully  submerged  sites.  Underwater  archaeology  is  governed  by  the  same  scientific  principles  and  standards  as  archaeological  work  on  land  but  is  tailored  to  the  specific  challenges  of  underwater  conditions4.  The  term  “underwater  archaeology”  is  not,  therefore,  a  sub-discipline  of  archaeology.  Instead, it is a technical term referring to a specific set of tools and techniques used in  conducting  archaeological  work  underwater,  within  the  wider  framework  and  principles of archaeological research." Arab States Global Humanitarian Action for Children in the Middle East and North Africa for 2023: Fast Facts 2022 UNICEF Middle East and North Africa Total number of children in the region: over 191.2 million Total refugee children: 6.4 million Children in need: around 52.7 million Total internally displaced children: over 6.9 million UNICEF MENA is appealing for US$ 2.6 billion to respond to the ongoing humanitarian crises and children’s humanitarian needs around the region. Arab States LSCE Measurement Instrument: Measuring Life Skills in the Context of Life Skills and Citizenship Education in the Middle East and North Africal; Advocacy Brief 2021 UNICEF Middle East and North Africa Teaching and learning life skills is incredibly important for empowering children and young people to achieve success in education, employment, and personal goals. Nevertheless, few education systems have integrated life skills into their education systems. One of the reasons for this is challenges concerning the lack of knowledge as to how life skills can be measured, assessed, and evaluated. Building on the regional Life Skills and Citizenship Education (LSCE) framework in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), UNICEF and The World Bank have developed this LSCE Measurement Instrument, to measure the national level of grade 7 students’ scores in eight life skills as national large-scale assessment.